2025-12-19 15:09:55
Shouting expletives during physical effort can boost performance and help people push harder for longer.
The researchers’ findings, published in the journal American Psychologist, suggest swearing helps people overcome internal restraints by increasing focus, confidence and mental immersion in the task at hand.
Dr. Richard Stephens, a psychologist at Keele University, England, and lead author of the study, said: “Swearing is literally a calorie neutral, drug free, low cost, readily available tool at our disposal for when we need a boost in performance.
“These findings help explain why swearing is so commonplace.”
The research builds on earlier work showing that people who swear tolerate pain better, such as keeping their hand in ice-cold water for longer. This latest study aimed to explain why swearing has that effect.
Dr. Stephens and his team ran two experiments involving 192 participants.
In each test, volunteers were asked to perform chair push-ups while repeating either a swear word of their choice or a neutral word every two seconds.
Afterwards, participants reported how focused, confident, distracted and emotionally engaged they felt during the task.
The results were clear – those who swore were able to support their body weight significantly longer than those repeating neutral words.
The performance boost was linked to higher levels of psychological “flow” – a state of deep focus and immersion – as well as increased self-confidence and reduced distraction.
Dr. Stephens explained: “In many situations, people hold themselves back – consciously or unconsciously – from using their full strength.
“By swearing, we throw off social constraint and allow ourselves to push harder in different situations.”
The researchers believe swearing temporarily removes inhibition, allowing people to “go for it” when they might otherwise hesitate. That effect could have practical value beyond the gym.
Pointing to possible applications in sport, rehabilitation and high-pressure situations, Dr. Stephens said: “In this way, swearing could serve as an accessible way to unlock our full potential when peak performance is needed.”
Co-author Nick Washmuth, a PhD student at the University of Alabama, Huntsville, said future research will explore whether swearing helps in other areas where people hesitate.
He added: “Our labs are now studying how swearing influences public speaking and romantic approach behaviours.”
Visit Bang Bizarre (main website)
