2026-05-21 12:05:38
A common arthritis injection could offer fresh hope to millions battling depression, with researchers claiming it may work better than traditional antidepressants for some patients.
Scientists found the drug tocilizumab, already used on the National Health Service (NHS) to treat inflammatory conditions like arthritis, pushed more than half of difficult-to-treat depression patients into remission.
The findings raise hopes that depression may not always be rooted purely in brain chemistry, but in inflammation too.
Around one in six Brits suffers with depression, while standard treatments including antidepressants and talking therapies fail to work for many patients.
Unlike conventional depression drugs, which target chemicals such as serotonin and dopamine, tocilizumab blocks an inflammatory protein called interleukin-6, or IL-6.
Growing evidence suggests inflammation could play a major role in mental health, with around one in three depression sufferers showing signs of low-grade inflammation in their blood.
Researchers from the University of Bristol tracked 30 people with moderate to severe depression who had failed to improve on antidepressants and showed inflammatory markers in repeated blood tests.
Participants were split into two groups. One received weekly tocilizumab injections over four weeks, while the other received a placebo.
The results, published in JAMA Psychiatry, showed the drug group experienced greater improvements in depression severity, fatigue, anxiety and quality of life.
More strikingly, 54 per cent of patients given tocilizumab entered remission compared with 31 per cent in the placebo group.
Researchers stressed the small study does not prove the drug is superior, but said the findings are encouraging.
Study co-author Golam Khandakar, professor of psychiatry and immunology at the University of Bristol, said: “This work represents an important milestone in the development of new treatments for depression especially difficult-to-treat depression, which affects millions of people in the UK alone.
“This is one of the first randomised controlled trials to test immunotherapy for depression, the first to test IL-6 as the treatment target, and the first to use a targeted approach to select patients most likely to benefit, and to show that it works.”
Study co-author Eimear Foley, senior research associate in immunopsychiatry at the University of Bristol, added: “Depression is estimated to affect around 10 to 20 per cent of people worldwide during their lifetime, yet for many patients current treatments do not work well enough.
“Our study moves us closer to more tailored depression care, where treatments are chosen to better fit a person’s biology.
“This will help us to provide the right treatment to the right patients at the right time.”
Researchers said larger trials are now needed to confirm whether targeting inflammation could revolutionise depression treatment.
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